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Izindinganiso Zamazwe Ngamazwe Zezinto Zokwakha Ithrekhi Yokugijima: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wabathengi Nosonkontileka
Kwadalwa ngo 10.21
Izindinganiso Zamazwe Ngamazwe Zezinto Zokugijima: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wabathengi Nosonkontileka
Isingeniso
Lapho uhlela ithrekhi entsha yezemidlalo noma ulungisa indawo yezemidlalo ekhona, ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zokugijima kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside, ukuphepha, nokuqina.
Nokho, abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nosonkontileka bezindawo zokudlala ezemidlalo bavame ukubhekana nombuzo obalulekile: Yimiphi imigomo okufanele ihlangatshezwe yizinto zokwakha ithrekhi yokugijima yokwenziwa?
Amazwe ahlukene, iziphathimandla zezemidlalo, kanye nabanikazi bamaphrojekthi bangadinga izimiso zobuchwepheshe ezihlukene. Ukuqonda lezi zidingo kusiza abathengi ukuthi bakhethe izinto ezifanele, banciphise izingozi zamaphrojekthi, futhi bagweme izinkinga ezibizayo ngesikhathi sokufaka noma ukuhlola.
Kulo mhlahlandlela, i-Lida Sports yethula izimiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezinkulu kanye nezinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ezihlobene nethrekhi yokugijima yokwenziwa, kanye nezinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kutholakala izinto zokwakha ithrekhi yokugijima.
1. Izimiso ze-World Athletics kanye Nokuqinisekisa
I-World Athletics, eyayaziwa ngokuthi yi-International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), iyindikimba yomhlaba wonke elawula ezemidlalo yokugijima.
Izidingo zayo zobuchwepheshe kanye nohlelo lokugunyazwa zibaluleke kakhulu kumathrekhi omncintiswano ahloselwe imicimbi esemthethweni yezemidlalo yokugijima.
Kusho ukuthini ukugunyazwa kwe-World Athletics?
I-World Athletics isebenza ngohlelo lokugunyazwa oluhlanganisa izikhungo zezokusubatha kanye nemikhiqizo yezindawo zomzila. Imibhalo yayo yobuchwepheshe ihlanganisa izincazelo zokuhlola zezindawo zokwenziwa ezisetshenziswa emizileni yokugijima kanye nezindiza zokugijima.
Kuye ngephrojekthi kanye nezidingo zokugunyazwa, izici zokusebenza ezifanele zingase zihlanganise:
- Ukuncishiswa kwamandla nokumuncwa kokushaqeka
- Ukuguqulwa okuqondile
- Ubukhulu nokulingana kwendawo engaphezulu
- Ukungqubuzana nokuthungwa kwendawo engaphezulu
- Ukumelana nezimo zezulu
- Ukumelana nezinhlansi
- Ezinye izidingo ezicacisiwe zokusebenza nekhwalithi
Lezi zici zisiza ukuhlola ukuthi ithrekhi isebenza kanjani lapho isetshenziswa kwezemidlalo nasekuchayweni kwemvelo.
Ingabe Wonke Amathrekhi Okugijima Adinga Ukugunyazwa Kwe-World Athletics?
Cha. Ukugunyazwa kwe-World Athletics kubaluleke ikakhulukazi ezikhungweni ezifuna ukuqashelwa emincintiswaneni esemthethweni yezemidlalo yokugijima. Amathrekhi esikole, izindawo zemidlalo zomphakathi, izikhungo zokuzijabulisa, kanye namanye amaphrojekthi kungenzeka alandele izidingo zendawo ezihlukile.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi komkhiqizo wendawo yokugijima oqinisekisiwe kanye nesikhungo sezokusubatha esiqinisekisiwe. Ukuthenga izinto ezihambisana nohlelo lokuqinisekisa akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi ithrekhi eseqediwe iqinisekisiwe.
Abathengi kufanele baqinisekise izidingo ezisebenzayo ngaphambi kokuthenga izinto.
Isithenjwa esisemthethweni: https://worldathletics.org/about-iaaf/documents/technical-information
2. EN 14877: Izinga laseYurophu lezindawo zezemidlalo zangaphandle
I-EN 14877 iyizinga laseYurophu elinesihloko esithi Izindawo zokwenziwa zezindawo zezemidlalo zangaphandle — Ukucaciswa.
Ihlanganisa izindawo zokwenziwa ze-polymeric ezifakwe endaweni kanye nezindawo ezakhiwe ngaphambili ezisetshenziselwa izokusubatha zangaphandle, ithenisi, nezikhungo zemidlalo eminingi.
I-EN 14877 Ihlanganisa Ini?
Izinga leli likhuluma ngokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kwemikhiqizo kanye nokuhlolwa kwezindawo zezemidlalo eziqediwe. Inhloso yalo ukuhlola ukuthi izinto zokwakha kanye nendawo efakiwe kuyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zokusebenza zokusetshenziswa kwazo okuhlosiwe.
Kuye ngezidingo zokuhlolwa ezisebenzayo, abathengi bangadinga ukucabangela:
- Ukusebenza kwezemidlalo nokusebenzisana komdlali nendawo
- Izici zendawo nokufana kwayo
- Ukusebenza kwemishini
- Ukumelana nokuchayeka emvelweni
- Ikhwalithi yezinto zokwakha nokufaneleka kokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe
Kubosonkontileka abasebenza emisebenzini yaseYurophu, i-EN 14877 ingaba yireferensi ebalulekile lapho kulungiselelwa imininingwane yobuchwepheshe nokukhethwa kwezinhlelo zezindawo zezemidlalo zokwenziwa.
Nokho, ukuhambisana kufanele kuhlolwe ngokwemibandela esebenzayo nemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Umhlinzeki akufanele afune ukuhambisana ne-EN 14877 ngaphandle kobufakazi obufanele obusekelayo.
Isithenjwa esisemthethweni: https://www.nen.nl/en/nen-en-14877-2013-en-187056
3. ASTM F2157: Istandard ye-Synthetic Surfaced Running Tracks
I-ASTM International ishicilela amazinga obuchwepheshe asetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States nasezinhlelweni zokwakha nokuthenga zamazwe ngamazwe.
I-ASTM F2157-09(2024), i-Standard Specification ye-Synthetic Surfaced Running Tracks, isungula izidingo eziyisisekelo zokusebenza, izigaba, nezindlela zokuhlola zezindawo zethrekhi yokugijima yokwenziwa.
Izindawo Ezibalulekile Zokusebenza
Istandard ibhekana nezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zethrekhi yokugijima yokwenziwa esanda kufakwa, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukungapheleli nokulingana kwendawo
- Ubukhulu nokudonsa amanzi
- Ukuncishiswa kwamandla nokuguqulwa kokuguquguquka okuqondile
- Umthelela wokuthungwa lapho kumanzi
- Izici zokudonsa
- Izinguquko zombala ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola ezicacisiwe
- Ukuguga, ukumelana nezipikili, nokushisa
Lezi zimfuno zibalulekile lapho kuhlolwa ukuthi indawo yethrekhi eseqediwe iyafaneleka yini ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe.
Kumaphrojekthi ase-United States noma amaphrojekthi acacisa amazinga e-ASTM, abathengi kufanele baqinisekise ukuhlukaniswa okudingekayo, izindlela zokuhlola, kanye nohlelo olusebenzayo nomnikazi wephrojekthi noma umeluleki.
I-ASTM F2157 iyisicaciso sokusebenza sezingaphezulu zamathrekhi okugijima okwenziwe. Akufanele kuthathwe njengesitifiketi esinikezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kuyo yonke into eluhlaza, njengama-granules e-EPDM noma i-polyurethane adhesive.
Isithenjwa esisemthethweni: https://store.astm.org/standards/f2157
4. Ikhwalithi Yezinto kanye Nokuhambisana Namakhemikhali
Ngaphezu kwamazinga okusebenza kwezingaphezulu zemidlalo, abathengi kufanele bahlole ikhwalithi nokufaneleka kokulawulwa kwezinto ngazinye ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni ithrekhi yokugijima.
Izinto ezijwayelekile zifaka ama-granules e-EPDM, ama-granules enjoloba egaywe kabusha, izibopho ze-polyurethane, ama-primers, kanye nezingubo zokufafaza ezinemibala.
Ama-Granules Enjoloba ye-EPDM
Ama-granules e-EPDM avame ukusetshenziswa njengongqimba olugugile olunemibala ezinhlelweni eziningi zamathrekhi okugijima okwenziwe.
Lapho uthenga ama-EPDM granules, cabanga:
- Usayizi wezinhlayiya nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi
- Ukuvumelana kombala nokumelana ne-UV
- Ukusebenza kwesimo sezulu nokuqina
- Ukuhambisana ne-polyurethane binder ecacisiwe
- Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali okufanele kanye nemibhalo
I-Polyurethane Binder Nezinto Zokunamathisela
Ama-polyurethane binder ahlanganisa ama-rubber granules ndawonye futhi asiza ekwakheni izingqimba zesakhiwo zethrekhi yokugijima.
Abathengi kufanele bacabange:
- I-viscosity nezici zokusetshenziswa
- Isikhathi sokuqina ngaphansi kwezimo ezicacisiwe
- Ukunamathela nokusebenza kwemishini
- Ukuhambisana nama-rubber granules
- Izidingo zokugcina kanye nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa
- I-Safety Data Sheet (SDS) kanye namadokhumenti okuhambisana namakhemikhali afanele
Ama-Recycled Rubber Granules
Ama-granules enjoloba agaywe kabusha angasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni eziyisisekelo zezinhlelo ezithile zethrekhi. Ukufaneleka kwawo kuncike ekwakhiweni kohlelo olucacisiwe, ukuhambisana kwe-binder, ukusebenza kwemishini, kanye nezidingo zephrojekthi ezisebenzayo.
Kumaphrojekthi ezimakethe ezilawulwayo, abathengi kufanele baqinisekise imikhawulo yamakhemikhali efanele kanye nezidingo zokuhlola. I-REACH, isibonelo, iwuhlaka lokulawula amakhemikhali e-EU, hhayi isitifiketi sokusebenza kwethrekhi yokugijima.
I-ISO 9001 ingase ibe efanele lapho kuhlolwa uhlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi lomkhiqizi, kodwa ayibonisi ngokwayo ukuthi impahla yethrekhi yokugijima ihlangabezana nezinga elithile lokusebenza kwezemidlalo.
5. Ungakhetha Kanjani Izinto Zethrekhi Yokugijima Eziphrojekthini Ezihlukene
Amasistimu ahlukene ethrekhi adinga inhlanganisela ehlukene yezinto. Ukukhetha isistimu kufanele kuqale ngokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kwephrojekthi, isicaciso sobuchwepheshe, isimo sezulu, isisekelo, isabelomali, nendlela yokufaka.
Isistimu yethrekhi | Inhlanganisela yezinto ejwayelekile | Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile |
Ithrekhi evumela ukungena kwamanzi | Amaqembu enjoloba nesibopho se-polyurethane | Izikole nezinkundla zemidlalo zomphakathi |
Ithrekhi yesandwichi | Isendlalelo esiyisisekelo senjoloba, isendlalelo se-polyurethane, kanye nesendlalelo sokuguga se-EPDM | Izikole nezindawo zezemidlalo ezidinga uhlelo olunezendlalelo |
Ithrekhi ye-hybrid | Ama-granules enjoloba, isibopho se-polyurethane, kanye nokufakwa kwesembozo esifuthwayo | Izikhungo zokuqeqesha kanye namaphrojekthi omncintiswano akhethiwe |
Umzila ophelele we-PU | Izendlalelo ezisekelwe ku-polyurethane kanye nokuphela kwendawo okucacisiwe | Amaphrojekthi adinga uhlelo olusekelwe ku-PU |
Indawo yokudlala yezingane ye-EPDM | Ama-granule e-EPDM kanye nesibopho esihambisanayo | Izindawo zokudlala nezingane kanye nezindawo zokuzijabulisa |
Lezi izincazelo ezijwayelekile zohlelo. Ukujiya kwezingqimba kwangempela, izilinganiso zezinto, izici zokusebenza, kanye nezindlela zokwakha kufanele zilande ukucaciswa kwephrojekthi kanye nokwakhiwa kohlelo olukhethiwe.
Imibuzo Ebalulekile Ngaphambi Kokuthenga
Ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda, abathengi nosonkontileka kufanele bacacise:
- Kuyini ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe: ukuqeqeshwa kwesikole, ukuzijabulisa komphakathi, noma umncintiswano osemthethweni?
- Yiluphi izinga noma isicaciso sobuchwepheshe esidingwa yiphrojekthi?
- Ingabe isidingo sisezintweni ezihlolwe elabhorethri, kusistimu efakiwe ehloliwe, noma endaweni eqinisekisiwe?
- Yiziphi izinsimbi ezidingekayo zobukhulu bezendlalelo kanye namazinga okusetshenziswa kwezinto?
- Yimiphi imibiko yokuhlola, amashidi edatha yobuchwepheshe, nemibhalo yokuphepha edingekayo?
- Ingabe izinto zifaneleka isimo sezulu sendawo kanye nezimo zokufaka?
Izimpendulo ezicacile zisiza abathengi ukuthi baqhathanise abahlinzeki ngokufaneleka kobuchwepheshe hhayi ngentengo kuphela.
6. Kungani Usebenze Nomhlinzeki Wempahla Yethrekhi Yokugijima Onolwazi?
Ukukhetha umhlinzeki othembekile kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlela iphrojekthi. Umhlinzeki ofanele kufanele aqonde ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto ngazinye kanye nohlelo oluphelele lwethrekhi yokugijima.
Uma uqhathanisa abahlinzeki, bheka:
- Uhla olufanele lwama-granules enjoloba nezinto ze-polyurethane
- Amashidi edatha yezobuchwepheshe acacile kanye nezicaciso zomkhiqizo
- Imibiko yokuhlola efanele kanye nemibhalo yokuphepha, lapho ikhona
- Ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza engaguquki kanye nokuhlonzwa kweqoqo
- Isiqondiso esisebenzayo mayelana nokukhethwa kwezinto nokuhambisana kohlelo
- Isilinganiso sentengo esisheshayo kanye nokusekelwa kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe
Khumbula ukuthi imibhalo yomhlinzeki wezinto zokwakha kanye nesitifiketi somzila oqediwe kuyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene. Hlala uqinisekisa ukuthi imibhalo iyahambisana nomkhiqizo, indlela yokuhlola, kanye nezidingo zephrojekthi.
7. Lida Sports: Umhlinzeki Wezinto Zokugijima WaseChina
I-Lida Sports ingumkhiqizi wezinto zokugijima kwezemidlalo ozinze e-Huizhou, e-Guangdong, eChina, ogxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ekukhiqizeni nasekudayiseni izinto zokugijima kwezemidlalo.
Sihlinzeka ngezinto zezinhlelo ezahlukene zokugijima kwezemidlalo, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokugijima, izinkundla zemidlalo, kanye namaphrojekthi otshani bokwenziwa.
Uhla lwezinto zethu zokugijima luhlanganisa:
- Ama-granules enjoloba ye-EPDM
yezinhlelo zethrekhi yokugijima enemibala kanye nezindawo zezemidlalo
- Ama-granules enjoloba egaywe kabusha
zezinhlelo ezifanele zesisekelo sethrekhi
- Izibopho ze-Polyurethane kanye nezingcina
yezinhlelo zamagranule erabha
- Izisekelo kanye nezinamathelisi zengqimba ephansi
zezinhlelo zokwakha ezihambisanayo
- Izembatho zendawo ye-PU nezinto ezihlobene
zezinhlelo zethrekhi ezicacisiwe
Sisebenza nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe, osonkontileka bezinto zokudlala ezindaweni zomdlalo, abasabalalisi, kanye namathimba okuthenga amaphrojekthi afuna izinto zokudlala ezindaweni zomdlalo ezivela eChina.
Kuphrojekthi ngayinye, sincoma ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, ukwakheka kohlelo, amazinga adingekayo, inani lezinto zokwakha, kanye nendawo okuyiwa kuyo ngaphambi kokulungiselela isilinganiso sentengo.
Singakusiza ukuthola izinketho zezinto zokwakha ezifanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zephrojekthi yakho. Noma yimaphi amazinga athile noma izitifiketi kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokuhambisana nemibhalo yomkhiqizo efanele.
Cela Isilinganiso Sentengo Sezinto Zokwakha Zethrekhi Yokugijima
Ngabe uhlela ithrekhi entsha yokugijima, inkundla yezemidlalo yesikole, noma iphrojekthi yokuvuselela ithrekhi?
Xhumana neLida Sports ukuze uxoxe ngezidingo zakho zezinto zokwakha futhi ucele ulwazi lomkhiqizo noma isilinganiso sentengo.
Ukusisiza siphendule ngempumelelo, sicela unikeze:
- Indawo yephrojekthi:
Izwe nedolobha
- Indawo yephrojekthi:
Isamba samamitha-skwele
- Uhlelo lwethrekhi:
Okungena amanzi, i-sandwich, i-hybrid, i-PU egcwele, noma akukakacaci
- Izinto ezidingekayo:
Izinhlamvu ze-EPDM, izinhlamvu zenjoloba egaywe kabusha, isibopho se-PU, i-primer, noma iphakethe lezinto eliphelele
- Amazinga adingekayo:
I-World Athletics, EN 14877, ASTM F2157, izindinganiso zasekhaya, noma izimfuno eziqondene nephrojekthi
- Isikhathi sokuthenga esilinganiselwe:
Lapho ulindele ukufaka i-oda
Xhumana ne-Lida Sports namuhla ukuze uthole imininingwane yezinto zokugijima zethrekhi, imibhalo yobuchwepheshe, kanye nesilinganiso esisekelwe kuphrojekthi.
Iwebhusayithi: https://www.ldsflooring.com/
I-Lida Sports — Uzakwethu Wakho Wezinto Zaphansi Kwezemidlalo.
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